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Highlights of the cancer chemoprevention studies in China
1Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing.
Abstract:
New retinoids have been synthesized and screened in the search for chemopreventive agents of cancer. N-4-(Carboxyphenyl) retinamide showed a significant inhibitiory effect on carcinogenesis of cancers in the buccal pouch of hamsters and in the forestomach of mice. Clinical studies have demonstrated that N-4-(carboxyphenyl) retinamide is effective against oral leukoplakia, vulvar leukoplakia, and dysplasia of the uterine cervix and stomach. Field studies among a population at high risk for esophageal cancer in Linxian County, Henan Province, revealed that N-4-(ethoxycarbophenyl) retinamide decreased the incidence of this cancer. Qidong County is a high-risk area for hepatoma in China. This has been correlated to the low levels of selenium in the blood of the residents as well as in grain grown in the area. S. Y. Yu, W. G. Li, Y. J. Zhu, et al. (Biol. Trace Element Res. 1985; 7:22-26) reported that the administration of selenium inhibited the incidence of hepatoma induced by aflatoxin B in rats and in ducks. Experimental studies demonstrated that green tea extract inhibited 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-3-acetate-induced epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity and counteracted 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-3-acetate-induced ear edema in mice. It is interesting that green tea extract inhibited the transformation of Balb/c 3T3 cells induced by methylcholanthrene and 12-O-tetradenanoylphorbol-3-acetate. Garlic has been used for thousands of years in Chinese cooking and folk medicine. Epidemiological studies show that the dietary intake of garlic is inversely related to gastric cancer incidence in Shandong Province.
Insights
New retinoids show promise in cancer prevention. N-4-(Carboxyphenyl) retinamide effectively combats various cancers and precancerous lesions in clinical and animal studies, offering hope for chemoprevention.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Chemoprevention
- Nutritional Biochemistry
Background:
- Retinoids are investigated for cancer chemoprevention.
- N-4-(Carboxyphenyl) retinamide demonstrates significant inhibitory effects on carcinogenesis.
- Selenium, green tea, and garlic are explored for their potential anti-cancer properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the chemopreventive efficacy of novel retinoids.
- To investigate the role of selenium, green tea, and garlic in cancer prevention.
- To assess N-4-(carboxyphenyl) retinamide in clinical and experimental models.
Main Methods:
- Screening of new retinoids for chemopreventive activity.
- Animal models for buccal pouch and forestomach carcinogenesis.
- Clinical studies on oral leukoplakia, vulvar leukoplakia, and cervical dysplasia.
- Field studies in high-risk populations for esophageal and hepatoma.
- Experimental studies on green tea extract and garlic in cancer models.
Main Results:
- N-4-(Carboxyphenyl) retinamide inhibited hamster buccal pouch and mouse forestomach carcinogenesis.
- N-4-(Carboxyphenyl) retinamide showed efficacy against oral leukoplakia, vulvar leukoplakia, and cervical dysplasia.
- N-4-(Ethoxycarbophenyl) retinamide reduced esophageal cancer incidence in a high-risk population.
- Selenium administration inhibited aflatoxin B-induced hepatoma in rats and ducks.
- Green tea extract inhibited tumor promoter-induced epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity and edema.
- Green tea extract inhibited methylcholanthrene- and TPA-induced cell transformation.
- Dietary garlic intake was inversely associated with gastric cancer incidence.
Conclusions:
- N-4-(Carboxyphenyl) retinamide is a promising chemopreventive agent for various cancers.
- Selenium, green tea, and garlic exhibit potential anti-cancer properties.
- Dietary and medicinal compounds offer avenues for cancer prevention strategies.