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Exercise and VO2 max in children: a meta-analysis

V G Payne1, J R Morrow

  • 1Department of Human Performance, San Jose State University.

Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport
|September 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Children

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Exercise Science
  • Sports Medicine
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Aerobic trainability in children is widely believed but inconsistently demonstrated.
  • Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is a key indicator of aerobic fitness.
  • Previous research on VO2max changes in children has produced conflicting results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To meta-analytically examine factors influencing VO2max improvements in children.
  • To investigate the impact of physical activity, gender, and experimental design on children's aerobic capacity.
  • To assess the effect of training sufficiency on VO2max changes in pediatric subjects.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis was performed on 28 studies involving 70 effect sizes related to children's VO2max.
  • Studies were categorized by experimental design: cross-sectional (XS) and pretest-posttest (PP).
  • Further analysis focused on PP studies to evaluate training effects, gender, and protocol sufficiency.

Main Results:

  • Cross-sectional designs (XS) showed larger effect sizes (.94) compared to pretest-posttest designs (PP) (.35), potentially due to confounding factors like self-selection.
  • In PP designs, children improved VO2max by approximately 2 ml.kg-1.min-1.
  • Effect sizes in PP studies were not significantly influenced by gender, training sufficiency, or test mode.

Conclusions:

  • Reported changes in children's VO2max are generally small to moderate.
  • The observed magnitude of VO2max change is significantly dependent on the experimental design employed.
  • While children show some aerobic improvement, the interpretation of training effects requires careful consideration of study methodology.

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