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Experimental encephalomyocarditis virus infection in pigs

E Foni1, G Barigazzi, L Sidoli

  • 1Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia, Italy.

Zentralblatt Fur Veterinarmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of Veterinary Medicine. Series B
|July 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMC) experimentally infected pigs, with transmission observed between animals. This study provides the first evidence of EMC virus experimental transmission in pigs through contact exposure.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Animal Health

Background:

  • Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMC) is a significant pathogen affecting various animal species.
  • Understanding EMC virus transmission dynamics in pigs is crucial for disease control.
  • Previous experimental data on EMC virus transmission in swine is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the pathogenesis and transmission of Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMC) in experimentally infected pigs.
  • To determine the routes and duration of viral shedding.
  • To assess the potential for pig-to-pig transmission via contact exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Intravenous inoculation of a field isolate of EMC virus into eight pigs.
  • Monitoring of clinical signs, mortality, and viral shedding via various sample types (leukocytes, nasal swabs, rectal swabs, organs).

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  • Serological analysis for serum-neutralizing (SN) antibodies.
  • Observation of in-contact control pigs for evidence of infection.

    • Main Results:

    • Pigs inoculated with EMC virus exhibited mortality as early as post-inoculations day 2.
    • Virus was isolated from multiple tissues and secretions, indicating systemic infection and shedding.
    • One of the two in-contact control pigs became infected, demonstrating transmission through contact.
    • Serum-neutralizing antibodies were detected in inoculated pigs and the infected control pig.

    Conclusions:

    • Experimental inoculation of EMC virus leads to significant morbidity and mortality in pigs.
    • EMC virus can be transmitted between pigs via contact exposure, representing a novel finding.
    • This study highlights the importance of biosecurity measures to prevent EMC virus spread in swine populations.