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The black American nose

F A Ofodile1, F J Bokhari, C Ellis

  • 1Department of Plastic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY 10037.

Annals of Plastic Surgery
|September 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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Researchers classified 201 Black American noses into African, Afro-Caucasian, and Afro-Indian types. This classification revealed distinct differences in nasal dorsum, hump prevalence, nostril shape, and anthropometric measurements for each group.

Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Anthropology
  • Facial Anatomy

Background:

  • The Black American nose exhibits diverse morphological characteristics.
  • Previous classifications may not fully capture this diversity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To categorize Black American noses into distinct groups based on morphological and anthropometric analysis.
  • To provide a framework for understanding nasal variations in this population for surgical and evaluative purposes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 201 Black American noses.
  • Classification into three types: African (Group A), Afro-Caucasian (Group B), and Afro-Indian (Group C).
  • Evaluation of nasal dorsum concavity, hump prevalence, nostril types, anthropometric measurements, and alar cartilage characteristics.

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Main Results:

  • Group A (African) comprised 44%, Group B (Afro-Caucasian) 37%, and Group C (Afro-Indian) 19% of the sample.
  • Concave dorsums were most common in Group A (53%).
  • Humps were prevalent in Group B (36%) and Group C (63%).
  • Nostril types IV, V, and VI were most common.
  • Anthropometric measurements showed African noses were shortest and widest, Afro-Caucasian narrowest, and Afro-Indian longest.
  • Alar cartilages varied from small/thin (African) to large/thick (Afro-Indian).

Conclusions:

  • A three-group classification (African, Afro-Caucasian, Afro-Indian) effectively categorizes Black American nasal morphology.
  • Significant variations exist in nasal features and anthropometry across these groups.
  • This classification aids in the precise evaluation and surgical planning for the Black American nose.