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Related Experiment Videos

Insulin and intestinal epithelial cell proliferation

R A Goodlad1, C Y Lee, S G Gilbey

  • 1Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Histopathology Unit, London.

Experimental Physiology
|September 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

High insulin levels in rats on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) did not affect intestinal cell proliferation, suggesting insulin plays a minor role in gastrointestinal epithelial cell renewal.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Cell Biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Intestinal epithelial cell proliferation is crucial for gut health.
  • Hormonal regulation of this process is complex and not fully understood.
  • Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) alters nutrient delivery and hormonal profiles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of modified endogenous plasma insulin levels on intestinal epithelial cell proliferation in rats.
  • To determine if elevated insulin levels, induced by TPN, influence gut cell renewal.

Main Methods:

  • Rats were maintained on high-glucose TPN, low-glucose (hypocaloric) TPN, or orally fed (normal and sham-operated).
  • After 7 days, vincristine sulfate was administered to arrest cells in metaphase.

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  • Intestinal tissue was analyzed for crypt cell production rate (CCPR), and plasma hormone levels were measured via radioimmunoassay.

    • Main Results:

    • TPN diets significantly reduced gastrin, peptide YY, and enteroglucagon levels.
    • Hypocaloric TPN further decreased gastrin and PYY.
    • Plasma insulin levels were markedly elevated in the TPN groups but not the hypocaloric group.
    • Small intestinal CCPR was reduced in TPN groups, with no difference between standard and hypocaloric TPN.

    Conclusions:

    • Despite significantly elevated plasma insulin levels in TPN rats, intestinal epithelial cell production rate (CCPR) remained unchanged.
    • These findings suggest that insulin does not play a substantial role in regulating gastrointestinal epithelial cell renewal.