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Adrenal gland weight and suicide

E Stein1, E McCrank, B Schaefer

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London.

Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie
|October 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

This study found no significant difference in adrenal gland size between individuals who died by suicide and those who died from other sudden causes. These findings do not support previous research suggesting adrenal hypertrophy in suicide cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic pathology
  • Endocrinology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Previous research suggested a link between suicide and adrenal hypertrophy.
  • The adrenal glands play a role in the body's stress response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if adrenal hypertrophy is an anatomical correlate of suicide.
  • To compare adrenal weights in individuals who died by suicide versus those who died from other sudden causes.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective collection of adrenal weights and related data from 118 consecutive coroner's cases of sudden death.
  • Analysis of data considering suicide (violent and non-violent) versus non-self-inflicted deaths.
  • Statistical comparison of adrenal weights across different groups, controlling for age, sex, and autopsy center.

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Main Results:

  • No statistically significant difference in adrenal weights was found between suicide victims and individuals who died from other sudden causes.
  • This finding held true regardless of the method of suicide (violent or non-violent), age, sex, or autopsy location.
  • An incidental finding of increased adrenal weight across all subjects was noted, warranting further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • The study does not support the hypothesis that adrenal hypertrophy is a consistent anatomical correlate of suicide.
  • Adrenal gland size does not appear to differentiate between suicide and accidental/natural sudden deaths in this cohort.
  • Further research is needed to understand the observed increase in adrenal weight in all sudden death cases.