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Rhinoscleroma: a growing concern in the United States? Mayo Clinic experience
R Andraca1, R S Edson, E B Kern
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota 55905.
Abstract:
Rhinoscleroma is a chronic, progressive, granulomatous infection of the upper airways caused by the bacterium Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis. Although most cases occur in developing countries, recent immigration patterns have led to an increasing number of patients with rhinoscleroma in the United States. Rhinoscleroma may mimic various inflammatory and neoplastic processes, including leprosy, paracoccidioidomycosis, sarcoidosis, basal cell carcinoma, and Wegener's granulomatosis. Current therapy consists of a combination of surgical débridement and prolonged antimicrobial therapy. Rhinoscleroma should be added to the list of opportunistic infections that can occur in patients with human immunodeficiency virus.
Insights
Rhinoscleroma, a chronic upper airway infection caused by Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis, is increasingly seen in the US due to immigration. It mimics other conditions and requires combined surgical and antimicrobial treatment.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
- Otolaryngology
Background:
- Rhinoscleroma is a chronic granulomatous infection of the upper airways caused by Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis.
- While historically prevalent in developing nations, immigration is increasing rhinoscleroma cases in the United States.
- The condition can be misdiagnosed, mimicking various inflammatory and neoplastic diseases.