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5-azacytidine in acute leukemia

J H Saiki, K B McCredie, T J Vietti

    Cancer
    |November 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study found that 5-azacytidine shows significant activity in treating relapsed acute leukemias, particularly acute nonlymphoblastic leukemias, with an 18% overall response rate. Regimen A demonstrated the most promising results among the tested schedules.

    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Hematology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Acute leukemia in relapse presents a significant therapeutic challenge.
    • Conventional chemotherapy may have limited efficacy in refractory cases.
    • Novel treatment strategies are needed for patients with relapsed acute leukemia.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 5-azacytidine in patients with acute leukemia in relapse.
    • To compare three different administration schedules of 5-azacytidine.
    • To determine the response rate, duration of response, and toxicity profile of 5-azacytidine.

    Main Methods:

    • 101 patients with acute leukemia in relapse were enrolled.
    • Patients received 5-azacytidine via three different schedules: Regimen A (divided IV), Regimen B (single IV pulse), and Regimen C (continuous infusion).

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  • Response was assessed by complete remission (CR) and partial remission (PR), and toxicity was monitored.

    • Main Results:

    • An overall 18% response rate (12 CR, 6 PR) was observed in 101 patients.
    • For 78 patients receiving an adequate trial, the response rate was 23%.
    • Regimen A showed a 24% response rate, Regimen B had 0% response, and Regimen C had 1 of 8 responses. 5-azacytidine demonstrated significant activity in acute nonlymphoblastic leukemias.

    Conclusions:

    • 5-azacytidine exhibits significant activity in acute nonlymphoblastic leukemias.
    • Regimen A appears to be the most effective schedule among those tested.
    • Further investigation into optimized 5-azacytidine dosing and scheduling is warranted.