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Parathyroid function in rats treated with growth hormone. A morphometric study

E Altenähr, E Kampf

    Virchows Archiv. A, Pathological Anatomy and Histology
    |October 7, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Human growth hormone (HGH) administration in rats temporarily elevated serum calcium and phosphorus levels. This led to reduced parathyroid gland activity, suggesting HGH impacts calcium metabolism and parathyroid function.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Calcium Metabolism
    • Bone Biology

    Background:

    • Growth hormone (GH) plays a crucial role in somatic growth and metabolic regulation.
    • The precise effects of GH on calcium homeostasis and endocrine glands involved in its regulation are not fully elucidated.
    • Understanding GH's impact on calcium and phosphorus is vital for metabolic and endocrine research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of human growth hormone (hGH) administration on serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase levels in rats.
    • To examine the morphological and functional changes in parathyroid glands following hGH treatment.
    • To elucidate the relationship between hGH-induced hypercalcemia and parathyroid gland activity.

    Main Methods:

    • Male rats received daily intramuscular injections of 0.1 mg of commercial hGH for 3 or 12 days.

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  • Serum concentrations of total calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase were measured.
  • Parathyroid gland activity was assessed using light and electron microscopical morphometry, focusing on nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio and organelle abundance.

    • Main Results:

    • Serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly elevated during the treatment period but returned to normal by the end.
    • Morphometric analysis of parathyroid glands revealed reduced activity by day 4 and day 13.
    • Observed parathyroid changes included a decreased nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio and reduced endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and plasmalemmal tortuosity.

    Conclusions:

    • Growth hormone administration induces a transient hypercalcemic effect in rats.
    • The hypercalcemia appears to involve peripheral organs, notably kidney and bone, which are key in calcium metabolism.
    • Parathyroid glands exhibit suppressed activity secondary to hGH-induced hypercalcemia, highlighting a feedback mechanism.