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Enterococcus, an emerging pathogen

S A Tailor1, E M Bailey, M J Rybak

  • 1Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Toronto, Canada.

The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
|October 1, 1993
PubMed
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Enterococcal infections are rising, becoming a common hospital-acquired pathogen. Treatment is challenging due to antibiotic resistance, necessitating careful antimicrobial selection.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Enterococci are increasingly recognized as significant nosocomial pathogens.
  • Enterococcus faecalis accounts for the majority of enterococcal infections.
  • These infections include endocarditis, bacteremia, UTIs, and intraabdominal infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the genus Enterococcus.
  • Focus on epidemiology, human infections, resistance mechanisms, and antimicrobial treatment.
  • Provide guidance on managing enterococcal infections.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a MEDLINE search (1977-1992) and reviewed older literature.
  • Included in vitro data, animal models, and human clinical trials.

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  • Evaluated studies based on methodological strength and clinical outcomes.

    • Main Results:

    • Enterococcal infections show an increasing incidence.
    • Enterococci are the second most frequent nosocomial pathogens.
    • Enterococcus faecalis is a primary cause of various severe infections.

    Conclusions:

    • Enterococcal infections pose clinical challenges due to antibiotic resistance.
    • Limited controlled clinical trials exist for many enterococcal infections.
    • Current antimicrobial therapy recommendations are based on available evidence and expert understanding.