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Serum phospholipases A2 in inflammatory diseases

T J Nevalainen1

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of Turku, Finland.

Clinical Chemistry
|December 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzyme activity and protein levels in serum can be measured using radiometric or immunoassay techniques. Elevated PLA2-II levels correlate with inflammation and may indicate an acute-phase response.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Enzymology
  • Clinical Chemistry

Background:

  • Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is crucial for phospholipid metabolism.
  • Serum PLA2 levels can be determined by enzyme activity assays or immunoassays.
  • Two main groups, PLA2-I and PLA2-II, have distinct characteristics and clinical relevance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methods for detecting serum Phospholipase A2 (PLA2).
  • To discuss the clinical significance of PLA2-I and PLA2-II in various diseases.
  • To explore the correlation between PLA2 catalytic activity and protein concentrations.

Main Methods:

  • Radiometric assays using radiolabeled synthetic phospholipids or bacterial membranes to measure PLA2 catalytic activity.
  • Immunoassays (RIA, ELISA, FIA) utilizing antibodies for quantifying PLA2 protein concentrations.
  • Development of specific assays for PLA2-I and PLA2-II.

Main Results:

  • Increased serum PLA2 activity is observed in sepsis, pancreatitis, injuries, and arthritis.
  • Elevated PLA2-I is linked to pancreatic conditions and trauma.
  • Increased PLA2-II is associated with inflammation, infections, arthritis, cancer, and postoperative states.
  • A strong correlation exists between serum PLA2 catalytic activity and PLA2-II concentration, but not PLA2-I.
  • PLA2-II may function as an acute-phase reactant.

Conclusions:

  • Serum PLA2 measurement offers valuable diagnostic information for inflammatory and other conditions.
  • PLA2-II is a potential biomarker for inflammation and acute-phase responses.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the cellular origins of serum PLA2-II.

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