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Surveillance for the Expanded Programme on Immunization

F T Cutts1, R J Waldman, H M Zoffman

  • 1Communicable Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, England.

Bulletin of the World Health Organization
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
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Effective disease surveillance is crucial for public health. This review highlights the importance of integrated surveillance systems within the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) for disease control and prevention.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Immunization Programs

Background:

  • Surveillance is fundamental to public health practice.
  • The Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) relies on various surveillance systems.
  • Effective surveillance is essential for monitoring and controlling vaccine-preventable diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the experience and effectiveness of surveillance within the EPI.
  • To emphasize the need for integrated data for program improvement.
  • To promote the strengthening of national disease surveillance systems.

Main Methods:

  • Review of surveillance experiences in the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI).
  • Examination of different surveillance system types: routine reporting, sentinel surveillance, and community-based reporting.
Keywords:
BehaviorCdcData CollectionData ReportingData Storage And RetrievalDecision MakingDelivery Of Health CareDeveloped CountriesDeveloping CountriesDiseasesEpidemiologic MethodsGovernment AgenciesHealthHealth ServicesImmunizationInfectionsInformationInformation ProcessingInformation Retrieval Systems--costInternational AgenciesMeasles--prevention and controlOrganizationsPoliomyelitis--prevention and controlPrimary Health CareProgram EvaluationProgramsTetanus--prevention and controlUnUsphsViral DiseasesWho

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  • Emphasis on data linkage with supervision, assessments, surveys, and outbreak investigations.

    • Main Results:

    • Surveillance data, when linked with other information sources, inform program planning, implementation, evaluation, and modification.
    • Evaluation metrics for surveillance systems include data utilization for policy, simplicity, accuracy, completeness, timeliness, and cost.
    • Disease surveillance has evolved to monitor progress towards specific targets like measles reduction, neonatal tetanus elimination, and polio eradication.

    Conclusions:

    • Strengthening national routine disease surveillance systems is vital.
    • Effective surveillance acts as a key instrument for preventing and controlling diseases of public health significance.
    • The EPI provides a critical platform for enhancing disease surveillance capabilities.