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Updated: Jul 26, 2026

Determination of Mitochondrial Respiration and Glycolysis in Ex Vivo Retinal Tissue Samples
Published on: August 4, 2021
Retinal oxidase is identical to aldehyde oxidase
S Tomita1, M Tsujita, Y Ichikawa
1Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa Medical School, Japan.
Retinal oxidase and aldehyde oxidase share identical properties, suggesting they are the same enzyme. Aldehyde oxidase likely synthesizes retinoic acid from retinal in vivo.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Enzymology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Retinal oxidase (EC 1.2.3.11) and aldehyde oxidase (EC 1.2.3.1) are enzymes with related functions.
- Understanding their distinct or shared roles is crucial for metabolic pathway elucidation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comparatively analyze the enzymatic and physicochemical properties of retinal oxidase and aldehyde oxidase.
- To determine if these two enzymes represent distinct entities or a single enzyme with different names.
Main Methods:
- Comparative analysis of molecular weights and subunit composition.
- Spectroscopic analysis (optical spectra).
- Assessment of chemical, immunological, and substrate specificity profiles.
- Determination of cellular localization.
Main Results:
- Retinal oxidase and aldehyde oxidase exhibited identical molecular weights, subunits, optical spectra, and substrate specificities.
- Their chemical and immunological properties and cellular localization were also found to be indistinguishable.
- The data strongly indicate that retinal oxidase and aldehyde oxidase are the same enzyme.
Conclusions:
- Retinal oxidase and aldehyde oxidase are identical enzymes.
- Aldehyde oxidase's physiological role is likely the synthesis of retinoic acid from retinal.
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