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Osteopontin: a protein with diverse functions

D T Denhardt1, X Guo

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855.

FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
|December 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Osteopontin (a secreted phosphoprotein) plays diverse roles in cell adhesion, tissue remodeling, immune response, and calcium regulation. Its functions are crucial in various physiological and pathological processes, including cancer.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted, highly acidic phosphoprotein with diverse biological functions.
  • Its roles span cell adhesion, tissue mineralization, immune modulation, and calcium ion interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the known, suspected, and postulated functions of osteopontin.
  • To consolidate current knowledge on OPN's multifaceted biological activities.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on osteopontin.
  • Synthesis of data regarding OPN's interactions and effects.

Main Results:

  • OPN binds cells via integrins (e.g., alpha v beta 3) and extracellular matrix components.

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  • It regulates mineralization, modulates immune cells (macrophages, lymphocytes), and interacts with calcium ions.
  • OPN influences gene expression, nitric oxide production, cell migration, and inhibits calcium oxalate crystal growth.

    • Conclusions:

    • Osteopontin exhibits a wide array of functions critical to various physiological processes.
    • Increased OPN production is observed upon activation of cell signaling pathways, notably in cancer cells.