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Body composition during adolescence: methods, limitations and determinants

M F Rolland-Cachera1

  • 1INSERM, ISTNA, CNAM, Paris, France.

Hormone Research
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
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Body composition, reflecting nutritional status, is influenced by various factors. Methods like BMI and skinfold measurements are crucial for assessing body fat and predicting health risks in children and adolescents.

Area of Science:

  • Human Physiology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Pediatric Health

Background:

  • Body composition is a key indicator of nutritional status, affected by age, sex, race, physical activity, and disease.
  • Accurate measurement of body composition is essential for understanding growth and health.
  • Existing methods often rely on adult data, necessitating age-specific approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methods for assessing body composition in relation to nutritional status.
  • To highlight the importance of age-appropriate measurements, particularly during adolescence.
  • To discuss the impact of nutrition on body composition changes throughout childhood and adolescence.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established body composition assessment techniques, including densitometry, isotope dilution, electrical impedance, anthropometry, and skinfold measurements.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Emphasis on Body Mass Index (BMI) and skinfold (SF) measurements for pediatric populations.
  • Analysis of growth tracking and chemical maturity in relation to body composition.

    • Main Results:

    • Body Mass Index (BMI) is preferred over simple weight-for-height in adolescence due to age-appropriateness and reflection of body shape changes.
    • Triceps skinfold (SF) is recommended for predicting percent body fat, while trunk SFs correlate better with internal fat and health risk factors.
    • Significant chemical changes occur early in life, with low tracking of fatness before age 8 and low tracking of stature during adolescent growth spurts.

    Conclusions:

    • Body composition assessment requires careful selection of methods based on age and study conditions.
    • Nutritional interventions and status are critically linked to body composition, with differing impacts in early childhood versus adolescence.
    • Early life nutrition significantly influences long-term body composition and development, as indicated by BMI patterns originating in the first years of life.