[Symptomatic renal candidiasis with multiple mycetomas: a case report]

Area of Science:

• Medical Mycology
• Pediatric Infectious Diseases
• Urology

Background:

• Candida albicans is a common cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs), with increasing incidence.
• Fungal UTIs are less common than bacterial UTIs but are associated with predisposing factors like immunosuppression and prolonged antibiotic use.
• Risk factors include parenteral nutrition, corticosteroid use, immunosuppressive drugs, and extended antibiotic therapy.

Observation:

• A 6-month-old female infant developed a candidal infection following surgery for bilateral vesico-ureteric reflux.
• The infant presented with fungus balls in the renal pelvis, a rare manifestation of renal candidiasis.
• This case highlights a specific pediatric presentation of invasive fungal infection.

Findings:

• Renal pelvic fungus balls caused by Candida albicans were diagnosed in a pediatric patient.
• The candidal infection was successfully treated with the antifungal medication fluconazole.
• This case demonstrates the efficacy of fluconazole in treating renal candidiasis.

Implications:

• Early diagnosis and appropriate antifungal treatment are crucial for managing invasive fungal UTIs in infants.
• Fluconazole can be an effective therapeutic option for renal candidiasis in pediatric patients.
• Understanding predisposing factors and clinical presentations is vital for timely intervention in pediatric fungal infections.