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Sex differences in psychiatrists' practice patterns and incomes

T H Dial1, P E Grimes, E Leibenluft

  • 1Policy Development and Research Department, Health Insurance Association of America, Washington, D.C.

The American Journal of Psychiatry
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Female psychiatrists earn less than male psychiatrists, even after accounting for differences in age, training, and practice patterns. This study highlights persistent gender disparities in physician income.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Economics
  • Psychiatry Workforce Studies
  • Gender Health Disparities

Background:

  • Gender disparities in physician compensation remain a significant concern in healthcare.
  • Previous research indicates income gaps between male and female physicians, but specific factors in psychiatry require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare male and female psychiatrists regarding demographic characteristics, training, practice patterns, and income.
  • To identify factors contributing to income differences between male and female psychiatrists.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the American Psychiatric Association's (APA) 1988-1989 Professional Activities Survey.
  • Employed multiple regression analysis to control for various demographic and practice-related variables.

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Main Results:

  • Female psychiatrists were, on average, younger and more likely to specialize in child/adolescent psychiatry.
  • Women reported working fewer hours, seeing fewer patients, and working in different practice settings compared to men.
  • Even after controlling for these factors, women earned significantly less net annual income than men.

Conclusions:

  • Age, training, practice hours, patient volume, and practice settings do not fully explain the gender income gap in psychiatry.
  • Persistent gender-based income disparities exist among psychiatrists, warranting further investigation into underlying causes.