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Surface analysis of titanium implants

D S Sutherland1, P D Forshaw, G C Allen

  • 1University of Bristol, Interface Analysis Centre, UK.

Biomaterials
|October 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Medical grade titanium surfaces interact with proteins, forming bonds possibly through calcium. Failed implants show calcification and a gel-like layer, supporting in vivo titanium implant theories.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Medical Device Analysis

Background:

  • Medical grade titanium is a common implant material.
  • Understanding surface interactions is crucial for implant success.
  • Previous theories suggest a gel layer forms on titanium implants in vivo.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the surface chemistry of titanium after protein immersion.
  • To analyze a clinically failed titanium implant.
  • To evaluate the adherence mechanism of proteins to titanium surfaces.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for surface analysis.
  • Scanning ion and electron microscopy (SIEM) for failed implant examination.
  • Protein immersion studies on titanium samples.

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Main Results:

  • As-received titanium surfaces showed TiO2 with contaminants like calcium and nitrogen.
  • Immersed proteins adhered to the titanium surface, potentially via calcium-oxygen links.
  • The failed implant exhibited fibrous encapsulation, calcification, and TiOOH at the periphery.

Conclusions:

  • Protein adsorption on titanium involves specific surface interactions.
  • Calcification and gel layer formation (TiOOH) are observed in failed titanium implants.
  • Findings support existing theories on the in vivo behavior of titanium implants.