Surgery of primary retroperitoneal tumours

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Surgical Pathology
• Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

• Primary retroperitoneal tumors (PRTs) are rare and can be challenging to diagnose and treat.
• Advances in imaging modalities have improved diagnostic capabilities for PRTs.
• The therapeutic outcomes for PRTs, especially malignant types, have historically been limited.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the diagnostics and complex therapy of primary retroperitoneal tumors.
• To evaluate the effectiveness of surgical interventions for benign and malignant PRTs.
• To assess the role of advanced imaging and adjuvant therapies in managing PRTs.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of 112 cases of retroperitoneal space-reducing processes.
• Surgical operations performed on 62 adult patients with primary retroperitoneal tumors (12 benign, 50 malignant).
• Review of diagnostic data from computed radiography (CR), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasonography (USG).

Main Results:

• Despite advancements in CR, MRI, and USG, therapeutic results for PRTs have not significantly improved.
• Total tumor extirpation is recommended for benign lesions, even with extensive multivisceral resections.
• For high-grade malignant PRTs, ultraradical surgical interventions did not yield promising results and are not recommended.
• Radio- and chemotherapy show only promising, rather than notable, achievements in the complex management of PRTs.

Conclusions:

• Surgical management of benign and low-grade malignant PRTs should focus on complete tumor extirpation.
• Aggressive surgical approaches for high-grade malignant PRTs are not supported by current evidence.
• Further research is needed to improve the efficacy of adjuvant therapies like radio- and chemotherapy for PRTs.