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[Apparent decrease in the occurrence of anencephalus in Norway 1967-90]

M Bulajic-Kopjar1, P Magnus, R T Lie

  • 1Avdeling for Samfunnsmedisin, Statens Institutt for Folkehelse, Oslo.

Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening : Tidsskrift for Praktisk Medicin, Ny Raekke
|October 20, 1993
PubMed
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Anencephalus (a severe birth defect) rates have decreased, but this may be due to early detection and termination without registry notification. Improved malformation reporting is crucial for accurate surveillance.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Public Health Surveillance
  • Medical Genetics

Context:

  • Anencephalus and meningomyelocele are severe congenital malformations.
  • Trends in birth defect occurrence are monitored by national registries.
  • Ultrasound screening for fetal anomalies has advanced.

Purpose:

  • To analyze trends in anencephalus and meningomyelocele occurrence in Norway from 1967-1990.
  • To investigate potential reasons for observed changes in birth defect rates.
  • To highlight the need for improved malformation ascertainment and reporting.

Summary:

  • Reported anencephalus rates in Norway declined from 4.9 to 2.7 per 10,000 births (1967-1990), particularly for later gestations.
  • An increase in anencephalus cases with gestational age < 28 weeks was observed, potentially linked to ultrasound detection and early termination.

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  • Meningomyelocele rates remained stable, suggesting ascertainment bias may explain anencephalus trends.

    • Impact:

    • Identifies potential underreporting of anencephalus due to early pregnancy termination post-ultrasound diagnosis.
    • Underscores the critical need for enhanced malformation notification systems for accurate public health surveillance.
    • Provides data to inform future strategies for monitoring and managing congenital anomalies.