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Extraosseous multiple myeloma: imaging features

L A Moulopoulos1, C A Granfield, M A Dimopoulos

  • 1Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030.

AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology
|November 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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Extraosseous myeloma, a rare manifestation of multiple myeloma, can appear in any tissue and indicates a more aggressive disease. This essay highlights imaging findings to increase awareness of this unusual condition.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy with common systemic symptoms like anemia and bone fractures.
  • Extraosseous myeloma involves myeloma spread outside the bone marrow, occurring in less than 5% of patients.
  • These extraskeletal growths are linked to more aggressive disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To illustrate the diverse imaging findings of extraosseous myeloma.
  • To enhance recognition of this uncommon manifestation among healthcare professionals.

Main Methods:

  • Review of imaging studies (e.g., CT, MRI, PET) in patients diagnosed with extraosseous myeloma.
  • Correlation of imaging findings with histopathological confirmation.

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Main Results:

  • Extraosseous myeloma can manifest in virtually any organ system.
  • Imaging characteristics vary depending on the affected tissue.
  • Presence of extraosseous disease often correlates with advanced stage and poorer prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • Extraosseous myeloma, though rare, is an important consideration in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue masses in myeloma patients.
  • Radiological assessment is crucial for identifying and characterizing these lesions.
  • Increased awareness of imaging findings can aid in earlier diagnosis and management of aggressive multiple myeloma.