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Aging and strength of bone as a structural material

B Martin1

  • 1Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of California, Davis 95616.

Calcified Tissue International
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Bone strength and stiffness decrease with age due to reduced material properties and increased brittleness. Remodeling processes and mechanical factors influence age-related bone changes, impacting skeletal fragility.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanical Engineering
  • Gerontology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Bone material strength and stiffness generally decrease with age in both sexes.
  • Cortical bone strength diminishes by 15-20% and cancellous bone strength by 50% between ages 35 and 70.
  • Bone becomes more brittle, fracturing with less energy absorption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms behind age-related bone fragility.
  • To understand the role of bone remodeling in repairing fatigue damage.
  • To explore how mechanical factors influence age-related bone loss and adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of age-related changes in bone material properties (strength, stiffness, brittleness).
  • Hypothesizing the impact of osteonal and endotrabecular remodeling on bone quality.
  • Examining the influence of mechanical loading on bone remodeling and modeling.

Main Results:

  • Age-related bone loss is characterized by reduced strength, increased brittleness, and decreased fracture energy.
  • Bone remodeling, while repairing fatigue damage, can introduce microstructural weaknesses.
  • Mechanical loading appears to modulate age-related bone loss by influencing remodeling and modeling.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related bone fragility is multifactorial, involving reduced material properties and altered microarchitecture.
  • Bone remodeling plays a complex role, potentially contributing to fragility despite its repair functions.
  • Mechanical adaptation, including periosteal bone formation, can partially offset age-related bone material weakening, particularly in men.

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