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Complement components in children with protein-calorie malnutrition

S O Olusi, H McFarlane, M Ade-Serrano

    Tropical and Geographical Medicine
    |December 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    Protein-calorie malnutrition in children significantly lowers most complement components, particularly C3 and C9, while C5 is elevated. Refeeding restores C3 and C9 levels, highlighting their role in nutritional status.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Pediatric Nutrition
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) is a significant global health issue affecting children.
    • The complement system plays a crucial role in immune defense and is potentially impacted by nutritional status.
    • Understanding complement component levels in PCM is vital for assessing immune function and recovery.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify serum levels of complement components C1-C9 in children with PCM.
    • To investigate the relationship between PCM, infection, C-reactive protein (CRP), and complement component levels.
    • To monitor changes in complement components during nutritional rehabilitation.

    Main Methods:

    • Diagnosis of kwashiorkor and marasmus based on clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical assessments.

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  • Estimation of complement components C1-C9 in malnourished children and controls.
  • Clinical and bacteriological examination for infection.
  • Serum C-reactive protein assessment.
  • Monitoring complement levels during refeeding therapy.

    • Main Results:

    • Most complement components (C1-C3, C6-C9) were significantly lower in PCM children compared to controls.
    • Complement component C3 and C9 showed the most severe depression.
    • Complement component C5 was significantly higher in PCM children.
    • PCM children with elevated CRP had lower C3/C9 and higher C5 than those without CRP.
    • During refeeding, C3 and C9 levels increased significantly, while C5 decreased.

    Conclusions:

    • PCM profoundly affects the complement system, leading to depletion of most components.
    • C3 and C9 levels serve as sensitive indicators of nutritional status and recovery.
    • The interplay between malnutrition, infection, CRP, and complement requires further investigation.