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Assessing change in diet-intervention research

A R Kristal¹, S A Beresford, D Lazovich

¹Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

|January 1, 1994

Summary

Dietary assessment tools vary in sensitivity to change. Food-frequency questionnaires and diet-habit questionnaires can be as responsive as detailed diet records in nutrition studies.

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Area of Science:

Nutrition science
Dietary assessment methodology
Public health research

Background:

Accurate dietary assessment is crucial for nutrition intervention research.
Evaluating the sensitivity of dietary assessment instruments to detect changes is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and illustrate the concept of "responsiveness" as a measure of dietary assessment instrument sensitivity.
To compare the responsiveness of different dietary assessment tools in two randomized intervention trials.

Main Methods:

The study utilized data from two randomized dietary intervention trials: the Women's Health Trial (WHT) and the Eating Patterns Study (EPS).
Responsiveness was assessed by comparing changes in nutrient intake or dietary behavior captured by different instruments (food-frequency questionnaire, 4-day diet record, diet-habits questionnaire).

Main Results:

In the WHT targeting fat reduction, a 4-day diet record showed only slightly greater responsiveness than a food-frequency questionnaire.
In the EPS evaluating a self-help booklet, a fat-related diet-habits questionnaire was the most responsive, followed by the 4-day diet record and then the food-frequency questionnaire.

Conclusions:

Short, cost-effective dietary assessment tools like food-frequency questionnaires or diet-habit questionnaires can be as responsive as multi-day diet records.
Further research on the relative responsiveness of dietary assessment tools is needed.
Intervention studies should report the validity, reliability, and responsiveness of at least two dietary assessment tools.

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