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[Thyroid and radiation]

S Yamashita1, H Namba, S Nagataki

  • 1Department of Cell Physiology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine.

Nihon Naibunpi Gakkai Zasshi
|November 20, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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Radiation exposure affects the thyroid gland, increasing risks of tumors and hypothyroidism. This review explores radiation

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Radiation Oncology
  • Investigates the complex relationship between ionizing radiation and thyroid gland function.

Context:

  • The thyroid gland's susceptibility to both internal (radioiodine uptake) and external radiation (medical imaging, environmental exposure).
  • Historical data from atomic bomb survivors (Hiroshima, Nagasaki) and Marshall Islands indicating elevated thyroid tumors and hypothyroidism.
  • Recent observations of increased pediatric thyroid cancer incidence near Chernobyl.

Purpose:

  • To review the multifaceted effects of radiation on the thyroid gland at molecular, cellular, and tissue levels.
  • To discuss the clinical applications and safety considerations of Iodine-131 therapy.
  • To clarify the distinct biological impacts of internal versus external radiation exposure on thyroid health.

Summary:

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  • Ionizing radiation poses a significant risk to the thyroid, leading to conditions like hypothyroidism and thyroid tumors.
  • While the thyroid is relatively radioresistant, epidemiological studies reveal a high incidence of radiation-induced thyroid pathologies.
  • The review synthesizes current knowledge on radiation's effects, therapeutic uses of Iodine-131, and necessary safety protocols.

    • Impact:

    • Provides a comprehensive understanding of radiation's impact on thyroid health for researchers and clinicians.
    • Highlights the importance of safety-control measures in medical and environmental radiation exposure scenarios.
    • Informs future research directions for mitigating radiation-induced thyroid damage and optimizing therapeutic strategies.