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Related Experiment Videos

Variable interval responding maintained by intravenous codeine and ethanol injections in the rhesus monkey

J M Carney, M E Llewellyn, J H Woods

    Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior
    |November 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study shows that both codeine and ethanol can maintain responding in rhesus monkeys. Response rates varied with drug dose, indicating complex dose-dependent effects for these substances.

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    Area of Science:

    • Behavioral pharmacology
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Understanding drug reinforcement is crucial for addiction research.
    • Rhesus monkeys serve as a model organism for studying drug effects on behavior.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the dose-dependent effects of codeine and ethanol on operant responding in rhesus monkeys.
    • To examine within-session changes in responding and drug intake.

    Main Methods:

    • Rhesus monkeys were trained to respond under a variable interval schedule.
    • Codeine and ethanol were administered as reinforcers across a range of doses.
    • Response rates and drug injection frequencies were recorded.

    Main Results:

    • Both codeine and ethanol effectively initiated and maintained responding.

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  • Response rates showed a bitonic relationship with drug dose, with maximum rates at intermediate doses.
  • Responding declined within sessions, with differential patterns for codeine and ethanol.

    • Conclusions:

    • Codeine and ethanol act as effective reinforcers in this model.
    • The observed dose-response patterns suggest complex interactions between drug administration and behavioral output.
    • The decline in codeine-reinforced responding is not due to generalized response disruption.