Lymphocyte subsets in the mammary gland of sows

The presence and localisation of lymphocyte subsets together with class II bearing cells in the mammary gland of sows, were studied at different periods of the reproductive cycle by immunohistochemistry and compared with blood. All cell types involved in the immune response were present in the mammary gland at the different stages of gestation and lactation and nearer the alveolar epithelium as gestation proceeded: T lymphocytes, including CD4+ and CD8+, B lymphocytes and class II bearing cells (epithelial cells and macrophages). The results indicated an early accumulation of T lymphocytes, specifically T helper cells, during pregnancy; the specific increase of IgA lymphocytes occurring after this phase could suggest a role for these T cells in the induction of IgA response. The local accumulation of immune cells sustains the view that the mammary gland is able to mount a true local immune response and the increase in CD8+ cells near the epithelium suggests a role in local immune defence.