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Polymerase chain reaction: basic concepts and clinical applications in dermatology
1Department of Dermatology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1071.
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
|February 1, 1994
Summary
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifies DNA for research and diagnostics. While sensitive, contamination can cause false positives, but its clinical applications are rapidly expanding.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Biotechnology
- Clinical Diagnostics
Background:
- The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a fundamental technique in molecular biology, mimicking in vivo DNA replication.
- Its in vitro adaptation allows for efficient amplification of minute DNA quantities, crucial for various scientific applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the expanding clinical potential of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
- To discuss the applications of PCR in biomedical research and clinical diagnostics.
Main Methods:
- The core principle of PCR involves in vitro DNA amplification, based on natural DNA replication processes.
- High sensitivity allows amplification of picogram quantities of DNA.
Main Results:
- PCR is highly sensitive for detecting herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, and human papillomavirus infections.
- Emerging diagnostic applications include genetic diseases, cancers, and other infectious diseases.
Conclusions:
- Despite challenges with contamination leading to false positives, PCR's role in clinical diagnostics is rapidly growing.
- The technique's efficiency and sensitivity are driving its adoption across diverse biomedical fields.