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Performance factors and gender-related differences in spatial ability: another assessment

H Stumpf1

  • 1Center for Talented Youth, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218.

Memory & Cognition
|November 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Test-taking styles partially explain gender differences in spatial ability tests. Adjusting scores for attempted items reduced gender gaps on the Mental Rotations Test, but not significantly on most other spatial tests.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Educational Measurement

Background:

  • Gender-related differences in spatial ability are well-documented.
  • The influence of test-taking styles (performance factors) on these differences requires further investigation.
  • Previous research suggests performance factors may play a role in spatial test performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the extent to which test-taking styles, specifically performance factors, can account for gender-related differences in spatial ability.
  • To analyze the impact of different scoring methods (number-correct vs. ratio scores) on gender differences across various spatial tests.

Main Methods:

  • Fifteen spatial tests were administered to three distinct subject samples.
  • For each test, both number-correct scores and ratio scores (items solved/items attempted) were calculated.

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  • Statistical analysis was performed to compare gender differences between the two scoring methods.

    • Main Results:

    • Using ratio scores significantly reduced gender-related differences on the Mental Rotations Test.
    • For the majority of the other spatial tests, ratio scores yielded only a minor reduction in gender differences.
    • The observed reduction in gender differences for the Mental Rotations Test appeared specific to its unique format.

    Conclusions:

    • Performance factors can explain a small part of gender-related variance in spatial ability tests.
    • The substantial portion of gender-related variance in most spatial tests is attributable to factors other than test-taking styles.
    • The specific format of the Mental Rotations Test may be more sensitive to the influence of performance factors than other common spatial tests.