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tRNA genes as transcriptional repressor elements

M W Hull1, J Erickson, M Johnston

  • 1Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0606.

Molecular and Cellular Biology
|February 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Transfer RNA (tRNA) genes strongly inhibit adjacent RNA polymerase II (pol II) transcription in yeast. This repression requires active tRNA transcription and occurs in natural genomic contexts like retrotransposons.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Yeast Biology

Background:

  • Eukaryotic genomes contain numerous repetitive RNA polymerase III (pol III) promoter elements.
  • A regulatory relationship between pol III and RNA polymerase II (pol II) promoters is often postulated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vivo inhibitory effect of transfer RNA (tRNA) genes on adjacent pol II transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  • To determine if this phenomenon occurs in naturally juxtaposed pol II and tRNA genes, such as in sigma and Ty3 retrotransposons.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo transcription assays in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  • Utilizing a temperature-sensitive mutation in RNA pol III to modulate tRNA gene transcription.
  • Examining the expression of sigma and Ty3 retrotransposons in relation to tRNA gene activity.

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Main Results:

  • Interspersed tRNA genes strongly inhibit transcription from adjacent pol II promoters in yeast.
  • This inhibition necessitates active tRNA gene transcription but is independent of orientation and steric hindrance.
  • Weakening tRNA gene transcription via a temperature-sensitive RNA pol III mutation significantly increased sigma and Ty3 element expression (up to 60-fold).

Conclusions:

  • Yeast tRNA genes act as potent inhibitors of nearby pol II transcription.
  • This pol III-pol II promoter crosstalk is biologically relevant and observed in natural retrotransposon-tRNA gene arrangements.
  • Modulating tRNA gene transcription impacts the expression of adjacent genetic elements.