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Related Concept Videos

Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

884
Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
884
Soundness of Cement01:17

Soundness of Cement

553
The soundness of cement refers to the ability of cement paste to retain its volume after setting. Unsound cement can lead to expansion and structural damage due to the presence of free lime, magnesia, and calcium sulfate. Free lime hydrates very slowly, expanding and causing unsoundness, which is difficult to detect because it intercrystallizes with other compounds. Magnesia also reacts with water, forming crystals that can disrupt the cement's structure. Calcium sulfate can create...
553
Portland Cement01:21

Portland Cement

651
Portland cement is the essential binding ingredient in concrete, made from finely ground materials including lime, iron, silica, and alumina. Lime is derived primarily from limestone, marble, marl, seashells, and clays, which also supply iron and alumina, while silica is sourced from sand, chalk, and bauxite. Contemporary manufacturing of Portland cement is a significant source of carbon dioxide emissions, prompting research into reducing its content in concrete through alternative...
651
Fineness of Cement01:15

Fineness of Cement

497
The fineness of cement directly influences the rate of hydration, as the hydration begins at the surface of the cement particles. In addition to hydration, the fineness of cement is vital for various properties of concrete including workability, gypsum requirement, and long-term behavior. The fineness of cement is represented in terms of the specific surface of cement which is typically measured in square meters per kilogram, with several methods available for this determination.
Direct...
497
Strength of Cement01:20

Strength of Cement

482
Strength tests for cement are not performed directly on neat cement paste due to difficulty in obtaining consistent, reliable specimens. Instead, cement is typically tested in the form of cement-sand mortar.
For compressive strength tests, ASTM C 109-05 standards prescribe a cement-sand mix ratio of 1:2.75 and a water/cement ratio of 0.485 for making 2-inch cubes. These cubes are mixed, cast, and cured in saturated lime water at 23°C until testing. Flexural strength testing, outlined in...
482
Types of Cement I01:21

Types of Cement I

367
Portland cement comes in several types, each with distinct properties and applications based on their chemical composition and hydration characteristics:
Type I (Ordinary Portland Cement) is widely used for general construction where special properties are not required. It has moderate sulfate resistance and heat of hydration.
Type II (Modified Cement) offers moderate resistance to sulfate attack and a lower rate of heat development compared to Type I. It is suitable for structures in...
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Related Experiment Video

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Customizing a Cryolite Glass Prosthetic Eye
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[Hip prosthetic stem biological fixation by compound bone-cement]

X Yang1

  • 1Orthopaedic Department, Taping Hospital, Third Military Medical College, Chongqing.

Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi
|July 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) combined with bone cement offer superior hip hemiarthroplasty fixation in rabbits. These biomaterials promote new bone growth and enhance implant stability compared to bone cement alone or uncemented stems.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Biomaterials science
  • Veterinary orthopedics

Context:

  • Hip hemiarthroplasty is a common orthopedic procedure.
  • Prosthetic stem fixation is crucial for long-term implant success.
  • Evaluating novel fixation methods is essential for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose:

  • To compare the efficacy of different prosthetic stem fixation methods in rabbit hip hemiarthroplasty.
  • To assess the biomechanical and histological outcomes of fixation using demineralized bone matrix (DBM) + bone-cement, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) + bone-cement, bone-cement alone, and uncemented stems.

Summary:

  • Thirty rabbits underwent hip hemiarthroplasty with four fixation groups: DBM + bone-cement (Group I), BMP + bone-cement (Group II), bone-cement only (Group III), and uncemented stem (Group IV).
  • Groups I and II demonstrated early mechanical fixation with new bone ingrowth into the compound bone-cement (CBC), leading to fusion with the host bone and increasing shear strength over time.
  • Groups III and IV showed inferior results, with bone absorption, destruction, and loosening observed in the later stages for Group III, and early fixation failure, loosening, and subsidence in Group IV.

Impact:

  • DBM + bone-cement and BMP + bone-cement provide superior long-term fixation and biological integration in hip hemiarthroplasty.
  • These findings suggest potential for improved clinical outcomes in human hip arthroplasty by utilizing advanced biomaterial-cement composites.
  • The study highlights the limitations of traditional bone-cement fixation and uncemented stems in demanding orthopedic applications.