Viruses, bacteria, and protozoans in pregnancy: a sample of each

K A Ault1, S Faro

  • 1Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Kanas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160.

Insights

This review highlights subtle infectious pregnancy complications often missed by practitioners. Early suspicion is crucial for diagnosing these challenging cases.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Pregnancy involves complex physiological changes that can alter susceptibility to infections.
  • Identifying infectious agents during pregnancy is critical for maternal and fetal well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide practitioners with an overview of key microorganisms causing pregnancy complications.
  • To emphasize the importance of clinical suspicion in diagnosing subtle or asymptomatic infections.

Main Methods:

  • Review of relevant literature focusing on microorganisms impacting pregnancy.
  • Selection of microorganisms based on clinical relevance for practitioners.

Main Results:

  • Many infectious syndromes in pregnancy present with non-specific or overlapping symptoms.
  • Some infections may manifest with minimal or no apparent clinical signs.

Conclusions:

  • Clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for infectious complications in pregnant patients.
  • Subtle presentations necessitate careful evaluation to ensure timely diagnosis and management.

Related Concept Videos

Diversity of Protists I01:15

Diversity of Protists I

Excavata is a diverse group of protists that includes both chemoorganotrophic and phototrophic species, with some thriving in anaerobic environments. Among the key groups within Excavata are diplomonads and parabasalids, which are flagellated protists that lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. These microorganisms typically inhabit anoxic environments, such as the intestines of animals, where they exist either symbiotically or as parasites, relying on fermentation for energy production. Some...
Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
Human Virome01:26

Human Virome

The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible only with...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Toxoplasmosis01:28

Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...
Trichomoniasis01:18

Trichomoniasis

Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite and the causative agent of trichomoniasis, one of the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infections in the United States. This extracellular parasite primarily colonizes the lower genitourinary tract in women—particularly the vagina—and in men, the urethra and prostate. Its structural and functional adaptations enable its survival, motility, and pathogenicity within the host environment.Structural Features and Host EntryT.