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Related Experiment Videos

Radiosensitization of human lung fibroblasts by chemical that decrease ATP levels

A Kumar1, H Kimura, T Aoyama

  • 1Department of Experimental Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan.

Journal of Radiation Research
|September 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

This study investigated radiosensitization in human lung fibroblasts using lactate, pyruvate, nalidixic acid, and novobiocin. High concentrations of these chemicals decreased ATP levels, suggesting a role in radiosensitization, unlike low concentrations.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Radiosensitizers enhance the efficacy of radiation therapy.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of radiosensitization is crucial for improving cancer treatment.
  • Lactate, pyruvate, nalidixic acid, and novobiocin are compounds with potential radiosensitizing properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the radiosensitizing effects of lactate, pyruvate, nalidixic acid, and novobiocin on human lung fibroblasts.
  • To explore the relationship between intracellular ATP content and radiosensitization induced by these chemicals.
  • To differentiate potential mechanisms of radiosensitization at low and high chemical concentrations.

Main Methods:

  • Exponentially growing SH-18L human lung fibroblasts were used.
  • Cells were treated with varying concentrations of lactate, pyruvate, nalidixic acid, and novobiocin.

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  • X irradiation was administered, and cell survival curves were analyzed (D0 and Dq values).
  • Intracellular ATP content was measured after incubation with chemicals post-irradiation.

    • Main Results:

    • All tested chemicals exhibited a dose-dependent radiosensitizing effect on human lung fibroblasts.
    • High concentrations of the chemicals significantly decreased intracellular ATP content.
    • Low concentrations of the chemicals showed radiosensitization without a significant reduction in ATP levels.
    • Dose survival curves indicated decreases in D0 and/or Dq values for all treatments.

    Conclusions:

    • High concentrations of lactate, pyruvate, nalidixic acid, and novobiocin may sensitize human fibroblasts to radiation via a mechanism involving decreased intracellular ATP content.
    • Radiosensitization at low concentrations likely involves different mechanisms unrelated to ATP reduction.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the distinct pathways of radiosensitization at varying chemical concentrations.