Immunohistochemical localization of lactoferrin in bovine exocrine glands

The localization of lactoferrin (LF) was studied in bovine exocrine glands by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. In general, LF immunoreactivity was demonstrated in most of the serous demilunes of the mixed glands and in some but not all acinar cells of the serous glands. LF was not detected in the acinar cells of the mucous glands. LF immunoreactive cells were seen in the nasal and tracheal glands. The lacrimal and mammary glands were stained intensely, while the sweat glands were not stained. In the major and minor salivary glands, LF immunoreactivity was demonstrated in the serous demilunes and acini of the mixed glands and in some serous cells of the pure serous parotid gland. LF immunoreactivity was not seen in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas, but the serous gland in the lamina propria of the bile duct was stained positively. In the male reproductive tracts, the prostate and bulbourethral glands were stained positively, but the vesicular gland was negative. In the female reproductive system, the uterine and Bartholin glands, the epithelial cells of the cervix and ampulla of the uterine tube reacted positively. However, the lesser vestibular gland did not react for LF. The present findings, that LF was demonstrated in the exocrine glands located mainly in the gateways of the digestive, respiratory and reproductive systems, may morphologically support the antibacterial role of LF.