Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in lymphocytic myocarditis as assessed by Doppler echocardiography

Pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography of left ventricular (LV) inflows was performed in 30 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven lymphocytic myocarditis. There were 21 men and 9 women (mean age 50 +/- 15 years). LV ejection fraction was < or = 30% in 73% of the patients. Sixty-six percent were in New York Heart Association functional class III to IV. Peak early (E) velocity, late (A) velocity, deceleration time and filling pattern were assessed. These values were compared with a control population. E velocity in lymphocytic myocarditis was significantly higher than in control subjects (79 +/- 34 vs 67 +/- 14 cm/s, p = 0.0034). A velocity was lower in patients with myocarditis than in control subjects (38 +/- 20 vs 49 +/- 12 cm/s, p = 0.0001). Correspondingly, the E/A ratio was greater in the myocarditis group (2.5 +/- 1.3 vs 1.5 +/- 0.5, p < 0.0001). In particular, mean deceleration time in patients with myocarditis was significantly lower than that of control subjects (151 +/- 52 vs 194 +/- 30 ms, p < 0.0001). Diastolic filling patterns were abnormal in 29 of 30 patients (97%) with lymphocytic myocarditis, revealing a restrictive pattern in 25, abnormal relaxation in 4 and a normal pattern in 1. Lymphocytic myo-carditis is therefore associated with LV diastolic dysfunction of a predominantly restrictive pattern.