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The human adenoid. A morphologic study

B Winther1, D J Innes

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville.

Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery
|February 1, 1994
PubMed
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Adenoid lymphoepithelium, featuring M-cells, facilitates antigen transport to underlying lymphoid follicles. This specialized epithelium contains intraepithelial lymphatic channels for immune cell migration.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Otorhinolaryngology

Background:

  • Adenoids play a crucial role in the immune system.
  • The mechanism of antigen presentation in adenoids is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how antigens on the adenoid surface interact with submucosal lymphoid follicles.
  • To elucidate the cellular pathways involved in antigen transport within the adenoid.

Main Methods:

  • Light and electron microscopy were used to examine 13 human adenoid specimens.
  • Histological techniques included H&E and PAS staining.
  • Specialized microscopy techniques like scanning electron microscopy and freeze-fracture were employed.

Main Results:

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  • Two epithelial types were identified: ciliated/squamous and a lymphocyte-rich 'lymphoepithelium'.
  • The lymphoepithelium surface is characterized by microfold cells (M-cells).
  • Lymphocytes were observed within epithelial compartments forming intraepithelial channels.

Conclusions:

  • Adenoid epithelium comprises ciliated areas and areas with M-cells and intraepithelial lymphatic channels.
  • Lymphoepithelium, via M-cells, acts as a conduit for antigen transport to adenoid lymphoid tissue.