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Polymeric calcium phosphate cements: setting reaction modifiers

K Miyazaki1, T Horibe, J M Antonucci

  • 1Department of Dental Materials and Devices, Fukuoka Dental College, Japan.

Dental Materials : Official Publication of the Academy of Dental Materials
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
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This study explored additives for polycarboxylic acid (PCA) and calcium phosphate cement (CPC) materials. Certain additives slowed setting but weakened the cement, while others, like stannous fluoride and tartaric acid, improved both properties.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Dental Materials

Background:

  • Polymeric calcium phosphate cements (PCA-CPC) are promising for biomedical applications.
  • Optimizing their setting behavior and mechanical properties is crucial for clinical success.
  • Additives can significantly influence cement performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of various additives on the setting characteristics and mechanical strength of PCA-CPC.
  • To identify specific additives or combinations that enhance both setting and mechanical properties.
  • To understand the dose-dependent effects of certain retarders on cement performance.

Main Methods:

  • PCA-CPC formulations were prepared using polycarboxylic acid and a powder blend of tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) and dicalcium phosphate (DCPA).

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  • The effects of additives including tribasic sodium phosphate, various fluorides (stannous, zirconium(IV), titanium(IV)), tartaric acid, calcium acetate, calcium methacrylate, zirconium(IV) sulfate, and phosphonoacetic acid were evaluated.
  • Setting time and mechanical properties (e.g., compressive strength) were measured for each formulation.

    • Main Results:

    • Tribasic sodium phosphate and fluorides (stannous, zirconium(IV), titanium(IV)) acted as setting retarders.
    • Higher concentrations of these retarders generally led to decreased mechanical strength.
    • A combination of 8% (w/w) stannous fluoride and 10% (w/w) tartaric acid significantly improved both setting and mechanical properties.
    • Calcium acetate, calcium methacrylate, zirconium(IV) sulfate, and phosphonoacetic acid also enhanced mechanical properties.

    Conclusions:

    • Additives have a complex effect on PCA-CPC properties, with some acting as retarders and others improving performance.
    • Optimized combinations of additives, such as stannous fluoride and tartaric acid, can overcome limitations in setting and mechanical strength.
    • Further research into additive synergy could lead to advanced PCA-CPC formulations for dental and orthopedic applications.