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Vascular transcellular signaling

A J Marcus1, D P Hajjar

  • 1Thrombosis Research Laboratory, New York Veterans Affairs Medical Center, NY.

Journal of Lipid Research
|December 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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Inflammation triggers humoral factors that alter cholesterol metabolism in artery cells, impacting atherogenesis. Eicosanoids and cytokines mediate these cell-cell interactions and cholesterol processing.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Molecular Medicine
  • Cellular Signaling

Background:

  • Inflammation significantly influences cholesterol metabolism within arterial cells during atherogenesis.
  • Humoral factors from macrophages, endothelium, and smooth muscle cells modulate the vessel wall's cytokine/growth factor/eicosanoid network via paracrine and autocrine signaling.
  • Endothelial cells may induce alterations in native low-density lipoprotein (LDL).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent data on cell-cell interactions and signaling pathways involved in atherogenesis.
  • To highlight the role of eicosanoids and cytokines in arterial responsiveness to injury and disease progression.
  • To elucidate mechanisms of cholesterol delivery, intracellular processing, and efflux within the arterial wall.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Review of recent scientific literature on eicosanoid and cytokine signaling in atherogenesis.
  • Analysis of data concerning transmembrane signaling pathways, including protein kinases and the DAG-phosphatidylinositol system.
  • Examination of cell-cell interaction mechanisms ('cross talk') and their impact on arterial cells.

Main Results:

  • Eicosanoids regulate the cytokine/growth factor network, influencing arterial response to injury, intimal hyperplasia, and cholesterol ester (CE) deposition.
  • Cell-derived eicosanoids and cytokines activate receptors on neighboring cells, mediating "cross talk" during transmembrane signaling.
  • Phosphorylation reactions and the eicosanoid pathway significantly impact cholesterol delivery, intracellular processing, and efflux in atherogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Humoral factors released during inflammation critically affect arterial cell cholesterol metabolism and atherogenesis.
  • Eicosanoid and cytokine signaling networks play a central role in the progression of arterial diseases like atherosclerosis and thrombosis.
  • Understanding these transmembrane signaling pathways is crucial for defining processes involved in complex arteriopathies.