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Vascular complications from intraaortic balloons: risk analysis

M G Barnett1, M T Swartz, G J Peterson

  • 1Department of Surgery, St. Louis University Medical Center, MO 63110-0250.

Journal of Vascular Surgery
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Vascular complications occurred in 12.4% of patients requiring intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) support. While incidence remains unchanged, severity and IABP-related deaths have significantly decreased since 1983.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Vascular Surgery
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) support is critical for hemodynamically unstable patients.
  • Vascular complications are a known risk associated with IABP insertion and management.
  • Assessing trends in IABP-related complications is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of vascular complications in patients undergoing perioperative IABP support.
  • To identify independent predictors associated with these vascular complications.
  • To compare current complication rates and severity with historical data.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of data from 580 patients requiring perioperative IABP.
  • Statistical analysis of 25 perioperative parameters using multivariate analysis.

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  • Comparison of current data with a similar institutional study from 1983.

    • Main Results:

    • Vascular complications occurred in 12.4% of patients (72/580).
    • Aortic perforation (3 cases) was fatal; ipsilateral leg ischemia occurred in 69 patients, with 82% resolved.
    • Independent predictors included peripheral vascular disease, female sex, smoking history, and postoperative insertion.

    Conclusions:

    • Vascular complications were not predictive of operative death.
    • Despite unchanged incidence, IABP-related complication severity and mortality have significantly decreased since 1983.
    • Current predictive factors explain only a small portion of the risk for vascular complications.