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Trace elements in clinical nutrition

T G Baumgartner

    Nutrition in Clinical Practice : Official Publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
    |December 1, 1993
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Essential trace elements are vital for human health, yet their delivery via enteral or parenteral nutrition can be problematic. Clinicians should proactively provide complete nutrition with recommended trace elements early in therapy.

    Area of Science:

    • Human Physiology
    • Nutritional Science

    Background:

    • Essential trace elements, despite low body mass contribution, significantly impact human well-being.
    • Current nutritional support methods (enteral and parenteral nutrition) present challenges in effective trace element delivery and utilization.
    • Dietary history reliability is often compromised, especially in emergent nutrition therapy scenarios.

    Discussion:

    • Enteral nutrition routes (oral, tube) can impede nutrient absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
    • Parenteral nutrition, while bypassing the digestive tract, does not guarantee trace mineral delivery to target sites.
    • The complexities of nutrient absorption and metabolism necessitate careful consideration in trace element supplementation.

    Key Insights:

    • Clinicians must initiate comprehensive nutrition, including essential trace elements, at the outset of therapy.

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  • Vigilance is required to ensure adequate delivery of trace minerals through commercially available enteral formulas.
  • Early and complete trace element provision is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes.

    • Outlook:

    • Future research should focus on optimizing trace element bioavailability in various nutrition support modalities.
    • Developing standardized protocols for trace element assessment and supplementation in critical care is warranted.
    • Advancements in delivery systems may improve the efficacy of trace element delivery in parenteral and enteral nutrition.