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Sleep apnea and hypertension. A population-based study

K M Hla1, T B Young, T Bidwell

  • 1University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison.

Annals of Internal Medicine
|March 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Sleep apnea is linked to higher blood pressure in adults, independent of other factors. This study highlights the connection between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension risk.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Hypertension is a significant public health concern.
  • Sleep-disordered breathing, including sleep apnea and habitual snoring, affects a substantial portion of the adult population.
  • The independent association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension requires further investigation in community-based settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the independent association between sleep-disordered breathing (sleep apnea and habitual snoring) and hypertension.
  • To analyze this association in a healthy, non-selected adult population.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study design.
  • Inclusion of 147 healthy adults (aged 30-60) from the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study.

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  • Utilized sleep and medical history interviews, nocturnal polysomnography, and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.

    • Main Results:

    • Participants with sleep apnea exhibited significantly higher mean blood pressures during both wakefulness and sleep compared to those without.
    • Blood pressure variability during sleep was significantly greater in individuals with sleep apnea or a history of snoring.
    • Sleep apnea showed a dose-response association with hypertension, even after controlling for obesity, age, and sex.

    Conclusions:

    • Sleep apnea is independently associated with hypertension in a general adult population.
    • The findings suggest that sleep-disordered breathing is a significant risk factor for hypertension, irrespective of common confounding factors.
    • This study underscores the importance of screening for sleep apnea in hypertensive patients and vice versa.