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Dermal exposure assessment techniques

R A Fenske1

  • 1Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.

The Annals of Occupational Hygiene
|December 1, 1993
PubMed
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Skin exposure to chemicals is a significant workplace hazard, especially as airborne limits decrease. New assessment methods and dermal occupational exposure limits (DOELs) are crucial for worker health.

Area of Science:

  • Occupational Hygiene
  • Dermal Toxicology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Skin exposure to chemicals is a major contributor to total occupational dose.
  • Reducing airborne exposure limits necessitates addressing dermal exposure.
  • Understanding dermal exposure pathways is key for hazard evaluation and control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current methods for assessing dermal exposure in the workplace.
  • To explore the potential for developing dermal occupational exposure limits (DOELs).
  • To highlight areas for improvement in dermal exposure assessment techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Discusses personal sampling techniques (surrogate skin, chemical removal, fluorescent tracers) to measure skin loading rates.
  • Integrates sampling data with percutaneous absorption models to estimate absorbed dose.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Reviews surface sampling methods for assessing workplace contamination.

    • Main Results:

    • Dermal exposure occurs via immersion, aerosol/vapor deposition, or surface contact.
    • Various sampling techniques have limitations, including sampling medium validity, removal efficiency, and tracer introduction.
    • Surface sampling requires defined dermal transfer coefficients and can be highly variable.

    Conclusions:

    • Developing dermal occupational exposure limits (DOELs) is feasible, particularly for routine surface contact exposures.
    • Improved dermal exposure assessment techniques are vital for occupational hygiene research and worker health.
    • Complementary roles of dermal exposure measurements and biological monitoring are essential when skin is the primary dose contributor.