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Multiple mechanisms: the example of vitamin A

L M De Luca1

  • 1National Cancer Center Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.

Basic Life Sciences
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Retinoids regulate cell development and cancer. While high doses may inhibit skin tumors, physiological levels are needed for growth, and deficiency is more effective in preventing mouse skin cancer. Retinoids also treat human cancers like acute promyelocytic leukemia.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Retinoids are crucial for differentiation, development, and tumorigenesis.
  • Retinoids act as antitumor promoters in animal skin cancer models.
  • Previous studies suggested topical retinoids inhibit tumor formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of retinoids in skin tumorigenesis and human cancers.
  • To determine the effect of different retinoic acid concentrations on tumor growth.
  • To explore retinoid treatment for Xeroderma Pigmentosum and head and neck cancer patients.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a two-stage skin tumorigenesis model in SENCAR mice with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and 12-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA).
  • Administered retinoic acid orally to patients with Xeroderma Pigmentosum and head and neck cancer.
  • Analyzed retinoic acid receptor alpha gene in acute promyelocytic leukemia patients.

Main Results:

  • Papilloma and keratoacanthoma growth required physiological retinoic acid concentrations.
  • Vitamin A deficiency was more effective than excess retinoid in inhibiting mouse skin tumorigenesis.
  • Oral retinoic acid inhibited new tumor formation in Xeroderma Pigmentosum and head and neck cancer patients.
  • Retinoic acid treatment led to complete remission in acute promyelocytic leukemia patients.

Conclusions:

  • Retinoids modulate carcinogenesis at the promotion stage and induce differentiation of neoplastic cells.
  • Both deficiency and physiological levels of retinoids play complex roles in cancer prevention.
  • Retinoids offer therapeutic potential for various cancers, including skin and hematological malignancies.

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