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Constructive processes in person cognition

K Fiedler1

  • 1Psychologisches Institut, Universität of Heidelberg, Germany.

The British Journal of Social Psychology
|December 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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Asking about personality traits influences memory-based judgments. This study shows questioning about specific attributes, like extraversion, biases subsequent perceptions without creating a global halo effect, highlighting constructive memory processes.

Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Eyewitness memory research introduced constructive memory processes.
  • Social cognition examines how people form impressions and make judgments about others.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how mere questioning about personality attributes affects memory-based judgments.
  • To distinguish these constructive influences from global priming effects.
  • To explore the underlying mechanisms of attribute-based judgment biases.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Participants were questioned about specific desirable or undesirable aspects of a target person's extraversion.
  • Experiment 2: Replicated Experiment 1 and tested for independence from the generation effect.
  • Judgments of the target person were assessed after the questioning.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Mere questioning about specific attributes induced a congruent judgment bias.
  • This bias did not generalize to a global halo effect.
  • The phenomenon was independent of a generation effect, suggesting constructive memory processes.

Conclusions:

  • Questioning about specific attributes reframes memory representations and can lead to regressive tendencies towards default values.
  • These constructive memory processes are distinct from priming and demand effects.
  • Understanding these processes is crucial for explaining self-fulfilling prophecies and social interactions.