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Activation of complement components C3 and factor B in synovial fluids

G G Hunder, F C McDuffie, B J Mullen

    The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine
    |January 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Complement activation, indicated by C3 and Factor B conversion, is common in various arthritis types, suggesting immune complex involvement and leukocyte attraction in synovial fluid. This activation is often missed by standard tests.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Rheumatology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Complement system activation is crucial in inflammatory processes.
    • Assessing complement activation in synovial fluid aids arthritis diagnosis.
    • Previous methods may not fully detect in vivo complement conversion.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the presence and significance of complement C3 and Factor B conversion products in synovial fluid from diverse arthritis patients.
    • To determine if complement activation correlates with specific arthritis types and clinical parameters.
    • To evaluate the utility of detecting complement conversion products for diagnosing inflammatory arthritis.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of synovial fluid from 106 arthritis patients.
    • Utilized crossed antigen-antibody electrophoresis for C3 conversion products.

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  • Employed immunoelectrophoresis for Factor B conversion products.

    • Main Results:

    • C3 conversion was detected in most inflammatory arthritis types, including rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, gout, and pseudogout, but rarely in degenerative arthritis.
    • Factor B conversion occurred in 31 fluids, often alongside C3 conversion.
    • The percentage of C3 conversion correlated with synovial fluid leukocyte counts in rheumatoid arthritis and crystal synovitis.
    • Normal whole-complement titers or C3 concentrations were observed in many fluids with complement conversion.

    Conclusions:

    • In vivo activation of the classical and alternative complement pathways, likely mediated by immune complexes, is prevalent in various inflammatory arthritides.
    • Detecting complement conversion products offers a more sensitive method than standard complement or C3 concentration measurements for identifying complement activation in synovial fluid.
    • Complement-derived chemotactic factors may play a role in attracting leukocytes to the synovial space in these conditions.