A B-spline least-squares surface-fitting method for articular surfaces of diarthrodial joints

The B-spline least-squares surface-fitting method is employed to create geometric models of diarthrodial joint articular surfaces. This method provides a smooth higher-order surface approximation from experimental three-dimensional surface data that have been obtained with any suitable measurement technique. Akima's method for surface interpolation is used to provide complete support to the B-spline surface. The surface-fitting method is successfully tested on a known analytical surface, and is applied to the human distal femur. Applications to other articular surfaces are also shown. Results show that this method is precise, highly flexible, and can be successfully applied to a large variety of articular surface shapes.