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Steady flow in abdominal aortic aneurysm models

R Budwig1, D Elger, H Hooper

  • 1Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Idaho, Moscow 83843.

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
|November 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Flow in abdominal aortic aneurysm models reveals that wall shear stress is significantly lower in recirculation zones during laminar flow. Turbulence onset in aneurysms accelerates and alters flow dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Biomedical engineering
  • Cardiovascular research

Background:

  • Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are characterized by altered hemodynamics.
  • Understanding blood flow patterns and wall stresses is crucial for AAA progression and rupture risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate steady flow characteristics in AAA models of varying sizes.
  • To determine wall stresses under laminar flow conditions.
  • To analyze the onset and behavior of turbulent flow within AAAs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized experimental and numerical methods to simulate blood flow.
  • Examined four different aneurysm sizes across a range of Reynolds numbers (500–2600).
  • Analyzed flow fields, wall shear stress, and wall normal stress.

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Main Results:

  • Laminar flow exhibits a central jet surrounded by a recirculation vortex with low wall shear stress.
  • High wall shear and normal stress peaks occur near the distal reattachment point.
  • Turbulence onset is intermittent between Re 2000–2500, with rapid growth in the aneurysm.
  • Turbulence breakdown of the recirculation zone leads to increased wall shear stress.

Conclusions:

  • AAA geometry significantly impacts flow patterns and wall stress distribution.
  • The transition to turbulence in AAAs has distinct characteristics compared to healthy vessels.
  • Hemodynamic forces, particularly wall shear stress, are critically influenced by the presence and state of flow within the aneurysm.