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Gender differences in lipoprotein responses to diet

M Cobb1, J Greenspan, M Timmons

  • 1Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, Rockefeller University, New York, N.Y.

Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Dietary fat impacts cholesterol differently in men and women. While both sexes show similar LDL-C reduction, women experience a greater fall in HDL-C, suggesting gender-specific dietary considerations for heart health.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Nutrition
  • Lipid Metabolism
  • Nutritional Biochemistry

Background:

  • Gender and dietary saturated fat are key factors influencing coronary heart disease risk.
  • Understanding lipoprotein response to dietary interventions is crucial for personalized cardiovascular health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of gender on lipoprotein changes in response to contrasting diets.
  • To identify gender-specific predictors of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) response.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective meta-analysis of five studies involving 63 normolipidemic subjects.
  • Crossover design with two metabolically controlled diets: low and high polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid (P:S) ratio.
  • Multivariate analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis to assess lipid profile changes (delta TG, delta VLDL-C, delta HDL-C, delta LDL-C).

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Main Results:

  • Lipoprotein responses for triglyceride (delta TG), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (delta VLDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (delta HDL-C) were gender-specific.
  • Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) response to diet was similar between males and females.
  • Females showed a greater reduction in HDL-C compared to males, influenced by polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and baseline HDL-C.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary interventions may benefit normolipidemic males more than females due to gender-specific HDL-C lowering in females.
  • Gender and diet composition are critical factors for achieving optimal plasma lipid goals.
  • Personalized dietary strategies considering gender are essential for cardiovascular disease prevention.