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[Use of monoclonal antibodies for the immuno-imaging of cancers]
K Endo1, N Oriuchi, S Takenoshita
1Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University School of Medicine.
Abstract:
Monoclonal antibodies are expected to carry radio-nuclides selectively to cancer tissues and to offer antigen-specific diagnosis and/or therapy of cancer. Monoclonal antibodies tagged with indium (111In) and technetium (99mTc) are clinically used for the localization of malignant melanoma, colorectal and ovarian cancer. They have detected about 80% of tumors, tumors missed by conventional diagnostic methods and tumors in patients with normal serum tumor marker levels. Acute or subacute toxicity was not observed. However, human anti-murine antibodies (HAMA) were detectable in sera of some cases after receiving radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies. Development of protein engineering has made it possible to produce humanized antibodies, which are expected to diminish the HAMA response. The same monoclonal antibodies are also employed for therapy of some cancers using iodine (131I), yttrium (90Y) and rhenium (186Re) labeled antibodies.
Insights
Radio-nuclide-targeted monoclonal antibodies offer precise cancer diagnosis and therapy. While effective in detecting 80% of tumors, human anti-murine antibody responses can occur, prompting development of humanized antibodies to reduce this effect.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Radiochemistry
Background:
- Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are engineered proteins for targeted cancer treatment.
- Radiolabeled mAbs can selectively deliver radio-nuclides to tumor sites for diagnosis and therapy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of radio-nuclide-conjugated monoclonal antibodies in oncology.
- To assess the efficacy and safety of radiolabeled mAbs for cancer detection and treatment.
Main Methods:
- Monoclonal antibodies were labeled with radio-nuclides such as indium (111In) and technetium (99mTc) for diagnostic imaging.
- Radio-nuclides like iodine (131I), yttrium (90Y), and rhenium (186Re) were used for therapeutic applications.
- Clinical studies assessed tumor detection rates and patient responses.
Main Results:
- Radiolabeled mAbs successfully detected approximately 80% of tumors, including those missed by conventional methods.
- Diagnostic imaging identified tumors in patients with normal serum tumor marker levels.
- No acute or subacute toxicity was observed, but human anti-murine antibody (HAMA) responses were detected in some patients.
Conclusions:
- Monoclonal antibodies labeled with radio-nuclides are effective tools for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
- Humanized antibodies are being developed to mitigate the HAMA response, improving safety and efficacy.
- Targeted radio-nuclide delivery via mAbs shows significant promise in personalized cancer care.