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Related Experiment Videos

[Intraocular penetration of current antibiotics]

M Miyao1, H Tazawa, M Motoyama

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Japan.

Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi
|March 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Antibiotic penetration into the eye was studied in rabbits. Injection routes achieved higher and faster antibiotic levels in aqueous humor compared to oral administration, especially for macrolides.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pharmacology
  • Microbiology

Context:

  • Investigating antibiotic efficacy for ocular infections requires understanding drug penetration into the eye.
  • Previous studies have explored intraocular antibiotic levels, but comparative data across different classes and administration routes is crucial.

Purpose:

  • To compare the intraocular penetration of various antibiotic classes via parenteral and oral routes in a rabbit eye model.
  • To determine the peak concentration timing and aqueous humor to serum level ratios for different antibiotics.

Summary:

  • Parenteral administration (intravenous, intramuscular) of penicillins, cephems, and aminoglycosides resulted in aqueous humor to serum level ratios of 5.28-11.6%, 5.95-20.17%, and 13.4-30.27% respectively, with peak concentrations within 0.25-1 hour.
  • Oral administration showed ratios of 8.52-20.6% for penicillins, 3.62-20.11% for cephems, 22.8-75.8% for macrolides, and 6.38-23.6% for quinolones, with peak concentrations within 1-4 hours.

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  • Macrolides exhibited the highest aqueous to serum level ratio via oral administration. Overall, injection led to faster peak concentrations and higher aqueous to serum ratios than oral administration.

    • Impact:

    • Provides critical data for selecting optimal antibiotic administration routes and classes for treating ocular infections.
    • Informs clinical decisions regarding antibiotic dosing and delivery strategies to maximize therapeutic concentrations in the anterior chamber.
    • Highlights the superior intraocular penetration of systemically administered antibiotics via injection compared to oral routes.